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The Role of Cooperatives in Promoting Gender Equality

Asratie:The Role of Cooperatives in Pro

Autor:	Dessalew Asratie
Verfügbarkeit:	Auf Lager.
Artikelnummer:	713151
ISBN / EAN:	9783847302896

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The Role of Cooperatives in Promoting Gender Equality

Produktbeschreibung

A clandestine cell structure is a method for organizing a group in such a way that it can more effectively resist penetration by an opposing organization. Depending on the group's philosophy, its operational area, the communications technologies available, and the nature of the mission, it can range from a strict hierarchy to an extremely distributed organization. It is also a method used by criminal organizations, undercover operatives, and unconventional warfare (UW) led by special forces. Cell structures continue to evolve. Historically, clandestine organizations avoided electronic communications, because signals intelligence, SIGINT, is a strength of conventional militaries and counterintelligence organizations. New communications techniques, such as the Internet and strong encryption, may allow some inter-cell communications that were too dangerous in the past. In the context of tradecraft, covert and clandestine are not synonymous. The adversary is aware that a covert activity is happening, but does not know who is doing it, and certainly not their sponsorship.